ECG
Lit Review
Core Topics
FOAMed Wiki

IV Fluids

FOAMed Wiki, last updated 2/23/25

Core Review

‣

Acid Base Resuscitation

Links	Source	Year
Critical Care Fluid Resuscitation and the Strong Ion Difference Part 1	Clinical Monster	2016
Critical Care Fluid Resuscitation and the Strong Ion Difference Part 2	Clinical Monster	2016
Fluid selection & pH-guided fluid resuscitation	PulmCrit	2024
Strong Ion Difference	FizzICU

‣

Hemodynamic Based Resuscitation

Link	Source	Year
Mean Systemic Filling Pressure: Optimizing Venous Return	FizzICU	2021
Why do we give fluids in resuscitation? Part 1: Background information	FizzICU	2021
Why do we give fluids in resuscitation? Part 2: Oncotic Pressure	FizzICU	2021
Why do we give fluids in resuscitation? Part 3: Osmotic Pressure	FizzICU	2021
Why do we give fluids in resuscitation? Part 4: Hydrostatic Pressure	FizzICU	2021
Why do we give fluids in resuscitation? Part 5: Keeping the fluid intravascularly	FizzICU	2021

Literature Review

‣

Fluid type

Lactated Ringers	Source	Year
Does Lactated Ringers (LR) Raise Serum Lactate?	RebelEM	2019
IV Fluids – Lactated Ringers Part 1	Critical Care Now	2021
IV Fluids – Lactated Ringers Part 2	Critical Care Now	2021

Balanced vs. Unbalanced Fluids	Source	Year
Lactated Ringers versus Normal Saline: Myths and Pearls in the ED	emDocs	2021
The ongoing saga of normal saline versus balanced fluids	First10EM	2022
The Great Debate Between Balanced and Unbalanced Crystalloids Continues	RebelEM	2019
Three myths about Plasmalyte, Normosol, and LR	PulmCrit	2015

Fluid Overload	Source	Year
Fluid Overload and ICU Mortality	JournalFeed $	2020

‣

Specific Trials

Split Trial (2015)	Source	Year
Split Trial: Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: The SPLIT Randomized Clinical Trial	JAMA	2022
IV fluid choice part 1: The SPLIT trial	First10EM	2018

SMART Trial (2018)	Source	Year
SMART Trial: Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults	NEJM	2018
Get SMART: Nine reasons to quit using normal saline for resuscitation	PulmCrit	2018
Is the Great Debate Between Balanced vs Unbalanced Crystalloids Finally Over?	RebelEM
The SMART trial	First10EM	2021
SMART Trial: A SMARTer Way to Give Fluid in Septic Patients	JournalFeed $	2020
SMART Trial Part 2: Secondary Analysis of Balanced Crystalloids vs Saline in Sepsis	RebelEM	2019

SALT-ED Trial (2018)	Source	Year
SALT-ED: Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults	NEJM	2018
Is the Great Debate Between Balanced vs Unbalanced Crystalloids Finally Over?	RebelEM	2018
IV fluid choice part 3: The SALT-ED trial	First10EM	2018

BICAR-ICU (2018)	Source	Year
BICAR-ICU	PMID 29910040	2018
pH-guided fluid resuscitation & BICAR-ICU	PulmCrit	2018
Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial	CoreEM	2021

BaSICS Trial (2021)	Source	Year
BaSICS Trial: Effect of Intravenous Fluid Treatment With a Balanced Solution vs 0.9% Saline Solution on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients	JAMA	2021
The BaSICS trial: Normal saline has been fine all along	First10EM	2021

CLASSIC Trial (2022)	Source	Year
Classic Trial: Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock:	NEJM	2022
CLASSIC Trial: IV Fluid Restriction in Septic Shock	RebelEM	2022

PLUS Study (2022)	Source	Year
PLUS Study: Balanced Multielectrolyte Solution versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults	NJEM	2022
Just A Normal Saline Day in the ICU – The PLUS Study	SGEM	2022

About

Content License

Disclaimer